1. Discipline that investigates the forms of interaction, relationship and coexistence of people with respect to the formal structures, legal and cultural laws of society according to its operation.
2. Evaluation of a social behavior, according to the circumstances, possible motives, and variables of the corresponding historical period.
3. Data collection based on surveys, interviews, profiles, to observe problems and/or status of social sectors.
Etymology: by French sociologydefined in the 1780s by J. Sieyès, later by A. Comte (1798-1857), to whom the word is usually attributed, in his work Courses of Positive Philosophy1839, formed by the Latin, partnersas ‘socio’ in the social frame, and -logia, on the Greek -λογία (-lodge), in attribution of science.
Grammatical category: noun fem.
in syllables: so-cio-lo-gí-a.
Sociology
Sociology is the social science par excellence that deals with the study of relationships between individuals and the laws that regulate them within the framework of human societies. The object of study of the same are basically the social groups, understood as the set of individuals who live together grouped in different types of human associations within the framework of a community.
Sociology will deal with analyzing the various internal forms of organization that they can present, the relationships that their components maintain among themselves and with the system within which they are inserted and finally the degree of cohesion that exists in the social structure of the which are part
Men marked by society and vice versa
Men are born within a certain society that will be the one that will mark the action of its components and also their destiny, because in that influence that it exerts on its members, it instills in them values, ways of behaving, beliefs. But also the man with those movements that he makes will influence society itself and will cause the famous social changes.
Revolutions such as the industrial and the French were some of those most marked and relevant changes that left strong marks on societies.
Millennial interest in the social but Auguste Comte formally develops sociology
But of course, we know all this specifically today that sociology is already a science, however, long before it became such and there was a name that designated it, descriptions were already made and the different peoples were studied, the relations that its components maintained among themselves and their customs. For example, the thinker Herodotus, already in the 5th century BC, had carried out concrete and complete studies on different human populations and their more traditional ways of relating.
However, we would have to wait several more centuries for the issue to be formalized and for everyone to speak of sociology as the social science par excellence.
Meanwhile, it would be the Philosopher Auguste Comte, who in the 19th century when he presented his course on Positive Philosophy would finally give the final form to the concept of sociology that we all have today.
It was Comte who imposed the name of sociology to call the science whose study focuses were social events. Observation was installed as a method of analysis of the same and it would be through it that the various phenomena that occur in the social sphere could be identified and from them formulate the corresponding theories and laws.
As a consequence, the method that Comte imposed to study the social fabric was the same one that the natural sciences had been using, is that he also liked to call it social physics.
It would only be in the middle of the aforementioned century that sociology would consolidate as a totally autonomous science; and later, in the following century, the XX, the different schools and currents would begin to appear that would propose their particular points of view on the different sociological questions of interest.
Paradigms
Among the main proposals or sociological paradigms are the functionalism (confirms that social institutions are instruments that have been developed collectively, expressly to satisfy the needs of society), Marxism (absolute creator of the Theory of Social Conflict), the Symbolic Interactionism (highlights the symbolic nature of social action), the Structuralism (which highlights the social structure) and the Systems Theory (considers Society as a social system).
Approaches. Study methods
sociology can be studied through two approaches, the qualitative, which involves detailed descriptions of situations, behaviors and people and which, if necessary, includes the narrative of the participants, in the first person; and on the other hand the quantitativewhich implies characteristics and variables that can be expressed through numerical values and that also allow finding possible relationships through statistical analysis.
On the other hand, sociology has a variety of branches within its field of action, politics, education, urban, art, religion, industry, among others.
Meanwhile, the methods that he applies include various techniques and tools, observation as we mentioned above, data collection through surveys and interviews and finally all this is reflected in graphs to be able to mark statistical trends on the aspect of study or in focus.
Finally, we must speak of a division within social science into macro sociology on the one hand, which deals with analyzing social relations at a national or super-state level, and on the other hand, micro sociology, which interprets the interrelationship between individuals and the influence of the social field on them.
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