What is Information System:
An information system is a set of data that interact with each other for a common purpose.
In computing, information systems help manage, collect, retrieve, process, store and distribute information relevant to the fundamental processes and particularities of each organization.
The importance of an information system lies in the efficiency in the correlation of a large amount of data entered through processes designed for each area with the objective of producing valid information for subsequent decision making.
Characteristics of an information system
An information system is mainly characterized by the efficiency that it processes data in relation to the area of action. Information systems are fed by the processes and tools of statistics, probability, business intelligence, production, marketing, among others to reach the best solution.
An information system stands out for its design, ease of use, flexibility, automatic maintenance of records, support in making critical decisions and maintaining anonymity in non-relevant information.
See also System.
Components of an information system
The components that make up a communication system are:
the entrance: where the data is fed,
the process: use of the tools of the contemplated areas to relate, summarize or conclude,
the exit: reflects the production of information, and
feedback: the results obtained are entered and processed again.
See also Feedback.
Components of an information system
The elements that constitute an information system are grouped into the three dimensions covered by the system:
organization dimension: It is part of the structure of the organization, for example, the foundations of business models or the dialogue manager.
people dimension: they manufacture and produce the synergy necessary for the system to work, for example, the introduction and use of databases.
technology dimension: constitutes the implementation for the formation of the structure, for example, server room and power reserve systems.
See also Database.
Life cycle of an information system
The life cycle of an information system is continuous and is made up of the following phases:
Preliminary investigation, identification of strengths and threats Definition of needs and requirements Design Software development and documentation Testing Implementation and maintenance Identification of weaknesses and opportunities
See also Life cycle.
Types of information systems
In organizational culture, there are several types of information systems depending on the operational level at which they are used. Some of the most common systems are below:
for data processing (TPS: Traditional processing system): operational level, intended to process large volumes of information by feeding large databases.
expert or knowledge-based system (KWS: Knowledge working systems): operational level, selects the best solution for the problem presented.
for administration and management (MIS: Management information systems): administrative level, manages and prepares periodic reports.
for decision making (DSS: Decision support systems): strategic level, it stands out for its design and intelligence that allows for adequate selection and implementation of projects.
for executives (EIS: Executive information systems): strategic level, personalized system for each executive so they can view and analyze critical data.
functional systems related to the internal processes of the organization: form the basis of information systems for executives. Some of the best known implemented for the needs of each area are: Marketing information system (SIM) Production information system (SIP) Financial information system (SIF) Human resources information system (HRIS) Information system for managers (SDD) Geographic information system (GIS) Legislative information system (SIL)