What is Fallacy:
It is known as fallacy to the error, deceit, and falsehood to harm a person, and achieve something. The term fallacy is of Latin origin ““fallacy”.
As such, argumentative fallacy is the characteristic or property of something that is fallacious, that is, it has the ability and will to deceive or lie in order to mislead another person.
In the field of logic, fallacy refers to arguments that attempt to defend something that is not valid. Sometimes, fallacies are committed with the intention of persuading others to achieve an end, and other times they are committed unintentionally, out of ignorance.
Based on the above, the fallacy can be linked to a lack of honesty or loyalty with the aim of obtaining advantages over another person, through deception or lies.
In economicsthe fallacy of composition consists of inferring that a whole is true from the veracity of some of its parts, for example: “the pieces of the cell phone cannot break when falling to the ground, and therefore, the electronic equipment cannot be broken.” It can break when it falls to the ground”, this is a fallacy since there is always the probability that its constituent parts could break.
Synonyms of fallacy are falsehood, lie, lie, disguise. Nevertheless, in the field of philosophyAristotle addresses fallacy as synonymous with sophism, an erroneous reasoning that tries to pass as true to deceive other people.
For more information, see sophistry.
In English, fallacy is “fallacy”.
Types of fallacy
Ad hominem fallacySpecifically, this type of fallacy is given by the falsity or questionability of the person who expresses his arguments, and not of them themselves. This type of fallacy attempts to discredit the person who issues the statement since it is expressed by someone who suffers from lack of credibility when issuing any value judgment or opinion.
Ad baculum fallacy, is characterized by the use of force, threat or abuse of position. For example: “A- teenagers should not go out at night due to insecurity. B- I have a teenage son, and I don’t care about your opinion, he will continue to go out at night and enjoy his youth.” It is observed how B makes use of the abuse of him as the father of a teenager
populum fallacy, the premises are considered true due to the support of a large number of people who agree on the opinion of a particular thing. For example: “a business that sells fast food is considered by a mass of people to be the best food chain.”
Ad verecundiam fallacyconsists of defending something that is true because it is expressed by someone who has knowledge on the subject.
Ad logic fallacyconsists of affirming the falsehood of something because it goes against logical reasoning.
See also Argument from authority.
naturalistic fallacy
The naturalistic fallacy is raised by the English philosopher Henry Sidgwick, and known by the philosopher George Edward Moore.
A naturalistic fallacy is committed when considering that something is good because it is natural, with its origin in physics or other criteria such as hedonistic, metaphysical, nationalistic, among others.