A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent with which it forms a solution. The solute is normally a solid, but it can also be a liquid or a gas. Is found in minor proportion than the solvent in a solution.
A solvent is the substance that dissolves in a solute, forming a solution. This is normally a liquid, but it can also be a solid or a gas. Is found in higher proportion than the solute in a solution.
An example of a solution can be seen in a cup of coffee, in which the solute is coffee grounds (solid) and the solvent is hot water (liquid).
solute
Solvent
Definition
It is a substance that dissolves in a solvent and with which it forms a solution.
It is a substance that dissolves a solute and with which it forms a solution.
Characteristics
Its most common state is solid, but it can also be a gas and a liquid. It is the substance that is found in the least amount in the solution. The amount of solute in a solution determines whether it is dilute, concentrated, saturated, or supersaturated. It is usually a liquid, although it can be a gas or a solid. It is found in greater proportion in a solution.
Solubility
When in a gaseous state, its solubility is affected by pressure, volume, and temperature. Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents. The size of the solute molecules determines the ease (speed) with which the solvent can dissolve it. Polar solvents dissolve in polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve in nonpolar solutes.
Colligative properties in a solution
The more particles a solute has, the higher the boiling point of the solution and the lower the melting point. The amount of solute present in two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane has an effect on the phenomenon of osmosis. The boiling point of a solvent is lower than that of a solution. The melting point of a solvent is higher than that of a solution. The vapor pressure of a solvent is greater than that of the solution. Examples In a cup of coffee, the solute is the coffee grounds. In a dental amalgam, the solute is mercury. In a cup of coffee, the solvent is water. In a dental amalgam, the solvent is silver.
What is a solute?
A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent with which it forms a solution. The proportion in which the solute is in the solution is less than the proportion of the solvent in which it is dissolved.
The solute particles interact with the solvent particles, and the strength of this interaction between the solute and the solvent is greater than that which holds the internal solute particles together. Basically, the solute molecules are stabilized by interacting with the solvent molecules.
characteristics of a solute
It is the substance that is found in the least amount in the solution. The most common state in which it occurs is solid, although there are also solutes in the gaseous and liquid state. When in a gaseous state, its solubility is affected by pressure, volume, and temperature. Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
What is a solvent?
A solvent is the substance in which a solute dissolves, forming a solution. The amount of solvent in a solution is greater than the amount of solute in it.
Water is the most common solvent. It is known as a “universal solvent” because it has a high dielectric constant. Substances in liquid, gaseous or solid states can be dissolved in water.
Characteristics of a solvent
It is found in greater proportion in a solution. Determine what the state of the solution will be. It is usually a liquid, although it can be a gas or a solid. Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.
Solvent polarity
Polar solvents have a high dielectric constant and contain at least one electronegatively charged atom.
There are two types of polar solvents. On the one hand, there are protic polar solvents. These solvents form hydrogen bonds, through OH or NH hydrogen bonds with those substances they dissolve.
On the other hand, there aprotic polar solvents, which are not capable of forming these hydrogen bonds. For example, acetone is a polar aprotic solvent.
The apolar solvents They are those that do not have negative or positive polarity, their atomic bonds have similar electronegative charges and do not produce an electric charge. These are mostly organic substances. For example, chloroform and hexane are nonpolar organic solvents.
What is a solution?
A solution is one homogeneous mixture composed of at least two substances: a solute and a solvent.
Within the solution, the solute is present in a smaller proportion than the solvent.
Characteristics of a solution
A solution is a homogeneous mixture, which means that the substances that compose it are conjugated in such a way that it is not possible to differentiate them. It is not possible to separate again the substances that compose it. Once mixed, both the solute and the solvent cannot be separated, at least by mechanical means (using some tool, filter, etc.). It will remain stable without the need for any action to be taken on it, as long as the same conditions (temperature, pressure) are maintained.
Know the difference between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture.
Solvation of a solution
The solute and solvent molecules interact upon contact. The solvation is the process in which solute ions yield to solvent molecules. When the solvation process occurs, the solvent molecules surround the solute molecules and they stop interacting with each other with the same force as they do with those of the solvent.
In this case, the principle that like dissolves like. This means that polar solute molecules only interact with polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes only interact with nonpolar solvents.
solubility of a solution
If a substance is capable of dissolving in another, this substance is said to be soluble. The solubility of a solute is the maximum point at which it can no longer be dissolved in a solvent.
This is the property of a substance that allows it to dissolve in another substance. When this happens, both substances reach an equilibrium, without the resulting solution presenting alterations, as long as the existing conditions are maintained.
saturation of a solution
The solute reaches its solubility limit when it is no longer capable of dissolving in the solvent. This is known as saturation. When more solute is added to a saturated solution, it will remain in the state it is in and will not dissolve, causing a supersaturation of the solution. On the other hand, a unsaturated solution is one in which the amount of solute to be dissolved in the solvent is less than the maximum possible amount that could be dissolved.
Factors that affect the solubility of a substance
The temperature It affects a substance according to the state in which it is found. However, as a general rule, the higher the temperature, the more soluble a solvent will be.
When it is a solid solute, its solubility increases with increasing temperature in liquid solvents. When it is a gaseous solute, its solubility decreases with increasing temperature in other gases and in liquids. When dealing with a liquid solute with a liquid solvent, the effects of temperature depend on the particular case.
Another factor that affects solubility is the polarity. The molecules that make up a substance are polar when they have an electropositive and electronegative charge at their ends (poles). If the molecule has no electric charge, this molecule is nonpolar. Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents (for the “like dissolves like” thing).
The pressure it also affects solubility, but it does so particularly in the case of gases. Both solids and liquids do not suffer great changes in their soluble properties under higher or lower pressure. Gases, on the contrary, when they suffer a higher pressure are more soluble. According to Henry’s Law, postulated by William Henry (1774-1836), it establishes that “the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas on the surface of the solution”.
He size (or volume) of the solute molecules is a factor that affects the rate at which the solute dissolves. In a solid, the size of the exposed area of the solute determines how easily the solvent molecules will surround it.
Colligative properties of a solution
The colligative properties of a solution are those that depend only on the ratio between the number of particles of the solute and those of the solvent, regardless of the composition of said substances. These properties are:
The boiling point of a solution is higher than that of its solvent (boiling). The melting point of a solution is lower than that of its solvent (cryoscopic descent). The more particles a solute has, the higher the boiling point of the solution and the lower the melting point. The vapor pressure of a solution is less than that of its solvent. The phenomenon of osmosis: occurs when the molecules of a liquid solvent (water) pass through a semipermeable membrane between two solutions with different concentrations of a solute. The solution that has the greatest amount of solute receives the solvent from the other solution, until an equilibrium is reached between the two.
Classification of a solution according to the amount of solute
When the amount of solute in a solution is low, it dissolves easily in the solvent, and the solution is considered dilute. On the other hand, when there is a large amount of solute and it dissolves with difficulty, the solution is concentrated. In the event that the solute is no longer able to dissolve in the solvent, the solution is said to be saturated.
Examples of solutions
Glues. paintings. Medicines. Herbal infusions (tea). Coffee (prepared into drink). soaps. Alloys between metals. The air.
Types of solutions
State
examples
Gaseous solvent + solute…