The concept of land surface is used recurrently to refer to either the entire surface of the earth, or failing that, to some specific part of the vast territory that holds the same.
Land extent and composition
The Earth’s surface, also called Earth crust is divided into various tectonic plateswhich slide on the magma (molten rock matter) and is covered by continents and islands, which have various sources of water: lakes, oceans, among others, which together imply 71% and constitute the hydrosphere.
The influence of water on its conformation
To date there is no evidence that another planet has the same water balance as the earth and that of course it turns out to be essential for the presence of life on it.
On earth, water turns out to be the only element that exists at ordinary temperatures, and in all three states of matter, such as solid, liquid, and gas.
In glaciers and polar caps it is in a solid state.
In the rain, lakes, seas, oceans and in the dew, among others, it appears in a liquid state, and the clouds and vapor manifest the gaseous state.
Gravity causes it to accumulate in the free parts of the rocks and below the surface, forming underground water deposits that know how to supply wells, springs and the course of some waters such as streams and that help in times of drought.
It is also part of the earth’s crust or surface soil and with respect to its thickness it turns out to be relatively thin, ranging between 7 km, on the ocean floor, and 70 km. in those mountainous areas of the continents.
The most characteristic and abundant elements are aluminum, magnesium, oxygen and silicon.
Processes that formed it and classes
It should be noted that the origin of the earth’s crust is the result of igneous processes and that its poles are covered by solid ice, while the interior is characterized by being geologically active and has a layer of solid mantle, a liquid outer core that causes a magnetic field, and a solid iron core inside.
There are two types of land surface: oceanic crust which covers 75% of the total planetary surface and has three levels: lower level or III, borders the mantle and is made up of gabbros and basic plutonic rocks; level II of basalts it is located on the mentioned gabbros; and on the basalts is the level I made up of sediments.
And on his side, the continental crustis less homogeneous than the previous one since it is made up of rocks of different origins and it is less thin.
Characteristics of the planet earth and evolution
The planet earth is the rockiest among its peers and was created about four and a half million years ago and forms together with the entire solar system.
At the beginning it was cold but the contraction of the materials that made it up and the radioactivity of some elements caused its temperature to rise.
Gravity also did the same and differentiated the crust from the mantle and the core.
We must also say that the earth is surrounded by a powerful magnetic field, we could put it in terms that the earth has a huge internal magnet.
In it, mountains, rivers, plateaus, plains, deserts, jungles, among others, are distinguished, which are the ones that delineate and characterize the shape it shows.
But the earth as it appears today is far from having the appearance it had when it was born, because in those times it was only an accumulation of conglomerate rocks that when its interior was heated ended up melting the entire planet.
As time passes, the bark dries up and becomes solid, water has accumulated in the lower parts and a layer of gauze has formed on top of the bark: the atmosphere.
Meanwhile, the formation of the universe occurs about thirteen thousand years ago with the famous explosion known as the Big Bang, whose tremendous force fantastically propelled matter.
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