Listen to this article The banlieues They are the peripheries of the big cities in France. They are more affluent or disadvantaged suburbs, but the term in Spanish usually refers to the latter. They spread from the 1960s due to…
In 2009, the magazine Foreign Policy published an article called “Japan’s Gross National Cool.” Japan, she said, had reinvented the concept of superpower: In the midst of an economic slowdown, everyone looked towards Japan, at least culturally speaking. He sleevehe…
Listen to this article Electoral absenteeism is a legitimate practice in most of the world, but there is a minority of countries in which this possibility is not contemplated. José has asked us in which countries the option of not…
2023 will confirm that we are experiencing a change of erawhich was already intuited with the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, and before with the brexit and Trump. The post-Cold War world is over: the priority of countries will…
After Germany’s defeat in the First World War, social discontent over the conditions imposed and the economic crisis fueled National Socialism. Adopted by the Nazi Party, this fascist political doctrine defended the supremacy of the Aryan race and the absolute…
Unilateralism is the doctrine or geopolitical agenda of a State that acts independently of others to achieve its objectives. It implies that a country imposes its values and interests without seeking an agreement, cooperating or persuading. States have some margin…
In a world punished by dozens of armed conflicts every year, most of them civil in nature, it is essential to point out peace processes as a way out of violence. We understand by peace process open dialogue and negotiations…
Viktor Yanukovych, the then president of Ukraine, traveled to Moscow on December 17, 2013 to accept the offer of his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, to export natural gas to Ukraine at a reduced price. Russia would also extend a line…
The dedovshchina (‘grandfather law’) is a rite of initiation into the Russian Army for veteran recruits, dedyto the newcomers, the dukhi. Going further than hazing, these practices include physical and psychological abuse. Its origin lies in the introduction of compulsory…
It does not seem logical to think that weapons of mass destruction were used before the 20th century, and in fact the term was coined only a few decades ago. However, there are precedents for biological warfare and chemical warfare.…