The term ‘Cartesian’ is used as an adjective to refer to everything that has to do with the diverse and very complex philosophical theories and thought proposed by one of the greatest French philosophers in history: René Descartes. Descartes is considered by many specialists in the area as one of the first philosophers who postulated the importance of the use of reason in science, especially with regard to the different methods of verification and verification of the truth. Thus, its importance lies in the fact that long before the great revolutionary ideas arose about the importance of reason over religion (those that put an end to the Old Regime at the end of the 18th century), Descartes had raised the idea most basic but at the same time most important of all: the human being is such only through reason.
The Cartesian theory or one proposed by Descartes starts from a very simple inference but so deep and significant that it could be understood as the very center of human existence. This inference became extremely famous from the phrase “I think, therefore I am” which means neither more nor less than by consciously becoming aware of his mental activity, of his thought, the human being then understands that he exists. That thought is what assures him that he is alive, that he exists in the world, and that is an indisputable truth because any human being who does not think will not exist.
From this Cartesian base, science began to formulate work systems that are based on the use of reason over the religious justification of reality. Although Descartes was not the first to present such information, he was one of the first to clarify the fact that only through reason (and that it is being carried out by some thinking being) is it possible to know the truth of reality, be it for physics, for biology, for history, for any science. Descartes divided reality into three worlds: that of the mind, that of matter, and that inhabited by God. Despite being a devout Catholic, Descartes proposed the pre-eminence of the first world as the basis for finding the truth on a scientific level.
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