1. Architecture is specialized knowledge in the design and monitoring of projects for the construction of different types of buildings or structures.
2. The characteristics that define a construction, based on the time, the method, and the culture. Example: A) The façade of the white house refers to classical architecture.
3. Set of structural works. Example: A) The pyramids are the main symbol of Egyptian architecture.
4. Higher level graduation dedicated to the various theoretical and practical aspects that involve an existing structure or that is intended to be built.
5. Derivation of meaning. The way a set of items is arranged to create an organized unit. Examples: A) The architecture of the nervous system. B) The architecture of the film.
6. Computer science. Organization of the different parts of an electronic device or software.
Etymology: by latin architecture.
Grammatical category: noun fem.
in syllables: architecture.
Architecture
architecture is the discipline or art in charge of planning, designing and erecting buildings. From this perspective, it is correct to say that architecture considerably influences human existence, by dedicating itself to the construction of homes and spaces where it is developed on a daily basis. However, when classifying it as art, it is necessary to point out that it must also be considered that architecture has an aesthetic and expressive purpose.
In the beginning, the human race lived in spaces that nature itself offered them, such as caves in mountainous areas. However, the migratory currents motivated the need for transitory constructions, in the first instance, and the possibility of settling in favorable spaces in a second time. Given the choice of regions with abundant resources (in general, in the vicinity of watercourses), the human being found himself faced with the need to establish permanent homes to abandon the nomadic lifestyle. For many experts, the architecture It was born then as a necessity, derived from the change in the way of life. However, the progressive growth of culture turned the creation of a simple dwelling into a real art, which involved the construction not only of spaces for family life, but also of temples, places for commerce, fortresses, and including protective walls.
The architectural styles that ancient civilizations have bequeathed to us, as well as those typical of our days, are extremely numerous. Thus, we can name the classical architecture, which groups the features that characterize construction from ancient Greece and those from the Roman Empire; to the byzantine architecture, which developed in the homonymous empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire until the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks; to the visigothic architecture, which prospered in the Iberian Peninsula after the 5th century; to the merovingian architecture, typical of the Gauls of the high Middle Ages; to the arabic architecture, characteristic of the Arabs and of great diffusion in times of the caliphates; to the romanesque architecture, typical of the late Middle Ages, which aesthetically combines characteristics of constructions of Byzantine, Persian, Arab, Syrian, Celtic, Norman and Germanic origin; to the Gothic architecture, typical of the Middle Ages of Christianity, after the 12th century; to the renaissance architecture, which took up a large part of the ideas of classical art; to the baroque architecture, which spanned mainly from the 17th to the 18th century in most European countries; to neoclassical architecture that respects many classical features; to the historicist architecture, which imitated styles of the past by adding 19th century features; to the eclectic architecture, which brought together diverse styles; to modern architecture, which implies a set of styles typical of the 20th century; and finally to the postmodern architecturewhich is a revaluation of forms of the past.
It is not possible to forget that, beyond Western appreciation, architecture has been a representative icon of great civilizations from other areas of the Earth. It is enough to point out that only one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world has remained standing, and it is precisely an architectural jewel, like the Pyramids of the Valley of Giza, in Egypt. On the other hand, the styles of the architecture Oriental dominate much of the traditional and modern constructions of Central Asia and the Far East, as seen in China, Japan or Southeast Asia.
Beyond the name of each current, the truth is that all architectural renovation has left a legacy of beautiful buildings worthy of being contemplated; some, from ancient times, still amaze with the ingenuity with which they were built. It is warned that the architecture modern technology makes it possible to use new materials, with the double aim of optimizing quality and safety, on the one hand, and reducing the possibility of contamination, on the other. However, it must be stated that the progressive trend towards urbanization that is glimpsed in the 21st century is also a challenge for architects, since the need for taller constructions that allow a greater number of individuals to achieve reside in modern cities inhabited by tens of millions of people. That is why the importance of sustainable architectural development stands out, which facilitates the way of life of citizens in correct, healthy housing conditions and prepared for the exponential growth of the world’s capitals.
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